حين

plural is احيان meaning good or propitious time, from form I حان which means to draw near like the time has come

دهر

دهور is the plural, meaning long stretch of continually passing time

اتى

the مصدر is اتيان and it means to come, advance, to come out with something new, to present exhaustively

مذكور

mentioned, worthy of mention, celebrated

نطفة

drop or sperm plural is نُطُف from نطف on the pattern of نصر, but I need to look up what form I means

مشيج

a gamete, germ cell, plural is امشاج

بتل

form I meaning to cut off or sever with finality or conclusion

but I'm confused about نبتليه in سورة الإنسان perhaps it's the جزم form of the verb?

إمّا

used as a phrase to mean be it X or be it Y regardless, used as إمّا و إمّا

شاكر

thankful or grateful, related verb form I is شكر to thank

كفور

it wasn't specifically in the dictionary entry, probably related to كفر but not sure how it's derived

it probably is the form where it means something is innately not believing or filled with disbelief, but I don't know what form that is

form I is كفر meaning to hide or cover or disbelieve or be irreligious

اعتد

it's form IV meaning to prepare or to make ready which is different from form I عتد meaning to be ready, which follows pattern of كرم

سلسلة

it means a chain, which can be figurative like a chain of narrators or teachers, or literal like an iron chain

plural is سلاسل

غلّ

it means burning thirst or an iron collar or manacles with plural being اغلال

related to غلّ on the same pattern of ضرّ meaning to apply an iron collar or to insert or enter

سعير

a blazing flame, plural is سُعُر and it's from form I سعر to kindle, start or flare up

برّ

adjective for reverent, dutiful, devoted, righteous, kind, plural is ابرار or بررة

from the verb form I برّ meaning to be reverent or kind

كأس

cup, glass, goblet, chalice, plural is كؤوس or كِئاس

مزاج

mixture, or medley, but also temperament or mood like personality, but also constitutional health

plural is امجزة

كافور

it's not related to كفر, it actually means camphor or camphor tree botanically