مدّثِّر

form VIII of دثر which ends up meaning to blanket or cover, however the form I means to fall into oblivion

this is also a special form of VIII where the فاء الكلمة is مشدد

قُم

It's a command to stand from قام to stand

أنذِر

form IV of نذر now meaning to warn as opposed to the form I meaning to vow

كبّر

form II to magnify or glorify

طهّر

form II to cleanse, which is different from form I meaning to be clean

رُجز

punishment sent from Allah or dirt or filth

اهجُر

we can tell it's not form IV because there's a همزة الوصل and its عين الكلمة has ضمّة so it's actually just the command form of form I meaning to dissociate or renounce

مَنَّ يمنُن

form I to be kind and generous, or to oblige or present something humbly

تستكثر

form X meaning to regard as too much trouble, cost or effort in perhaps an ungrateful way that comes off as demanding or overasking

صبر

form I to have patience

نُقِر

form I to excavate or dig, the مصدر is نَقر

ناقور

a wind instrument, specifically noted to be Quranic, plural is نواقير

عسير

difficult or hard as an adjective, the verb عَسر means to be dificult and an عُسر is a difficulty

ذرّ

it's scattering particles, related to the verb ذرّ on the pattern like ضرّ