قَيّم

it means valuable

under verb entry for قوم, which means standing

بئس

what an evil thing, comes from a verb meaning to be miserable, apparently also translated as war

it's a preposition meaning near or close to something

example لدنه or لدنك

it's a verb meaning to abide or reside somewhere

ماكثين فيها would describe as an adverb that they are residing in there (not sure how to type a dagger alif here)

It's form VIII to take on or adopt, the disbelievers said Allah took on a son

voice or pronunciation, it's the مصدر of فاه meaning to voice or pronounce

the plural is افواه

This is different from being older. It means to gain significance or become emboldened.

this is used in a phrase بخع نفسه to mean to kill oneself with rage

or I could have misread the dictionary entry

grief or sorrow

this means to test

the مصدر is بلو

إنّا جعلنا ما على الارض زينة لها لنبلوهم أيّهم أحسن عملا